Page 30, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum believes that "The Nazi terror was, in scholar Norman Davies's words, "much fiercer and more protracted in Poland than anywhere in Europe." Prior to the war the area which became the General Government was not self sufficient in agricultural production and was a net importer of food from other regions of Poland. Reliable statistics for the total number of Poles who died as a result of Nazi German policies do not exist. [83], D. According to Bajer's calculations the number of Polish citizens on the Volksliste was 2,224,000. Pozostali stracili ycie w gettach, w pacyfikacjach itp. Wojciech Materski, Tomasz Szarota (2009), Maly Rocznik Statystyczny Polski-London 1941. Subtracting 3 million Polish Jewish victims, the report claimed 3 million non-Jewish victims of the Nazi terror, including civilian and military casualties of war. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. The Polish Bureau of War Damages report of 1947 put Jewish losses at 3.4 million; in a subsequent report to the United Nations this figure was 3.2 million Jewish dead, thus reducing the total to 5.8 million. According to Ministry of Finance figures losses were 5,085,000 persons (1,706,700 Poles and 3,378,000) Jews[67], According to Assessments and Estimates: an Outline by Mateusz Gniazdowski:[66] "This discrepancy was explained by demographers who maintained that that the (BOW) included the "missing" category in the total population loss figure, based on the statistics of the end of 1945, while many people believed to have been dead either returned to the country, or remained abroad as emigres. Not only did this event signify the beginning of the World War 2 but it also started the most significant war in Modern history. In its fog, discerning its significance and direction is intrinsically difficult. People like to say that there were five different causes of World war 1. They were wrong, and the whole world would be made to pay the price for their dishonor and cowardice. It may be time to tell Zelensky not only what we will and will not provide but what we believe are the acceptable terms. This is one more item in the index of the folly of the venture, this big surprise sprung by Putin on his people, because the reason those characters didnt see it coming was that it looked just plain incoherent and crazy on its face. As it was, it got closed in the traditional way. Only when it became apparent that France and the UK had betrayed their Polish allies and left them to die, he invaded Poland on September 17th, much later than what he and Hitler planned. David C. Hendricksonis president of the John Quincy Adams Society and the author of Republic in Peril: American Empire and the Liberal Tradition(Oxford, 2018). Were all thinking about what Week Two will bring, but the dreaded question is what Year Two will bring. Obama's real legacy makes him one of the worst US presidents of all time. That recalls some vital conjunctures in American history. After youve shown that your word is not your bond, you face strong pressure to show that it is. Few have ventured even to try to calculate the total number of persons who were wounded or permanently disabled. WW2, on the other hand, lasted 6 whole years, from 1939 to 1945. WW2 German Death Card Sterbebild Poland 3rd Sept 1939 Krakow Band Tunic . Current Historical U.N. [39], E. Population Not Capable of Resistance(100% ages 114; 50% ages 1519; 30% women 20-39; 100% over 70 years and 632,000 disabled) [81], Source of figures: Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Page 14, A. Bajer uses the 1947 Bureau of War Damages figures as the base to compute his estimate of ethnic Polish war dead. War, perhaps more than any other human endeavor, brings with it historical memories and comparisons. For most other nations, only estimates of varying reliability exist. $39.67 + $13.18 shipping . A History of Ukraine. President Bidens policy is all-out economic war against Russia, with a strict red line against actual U.S. military involvement. Gniazdowski, Mateusz. The Polish resistance movement lost an additional 100,000 fighters during the war.[63]. Norman Davies. The estimates for losses of the Jewish population in the Holocaust range from 2.7 million to 3.4 million persons. Please help support Dispropaganda by clicking on the "Donate" button and making a. 92, 105, 118, and 325, Gross Pages 92-93(Gross cites Polish sources that show pre-war the average per capita grain consumption in Poland of 246.4 kg. As part of my ongoing quest to win favor with the neoconservatives, I would also like to draw attention to another disturbing comparison: Hitlers December 11, 1941, decision to declare war on the United States. [52] In 1951 the Polish government made a reassessment of war losses that put actual losses at 5.1 million ethnic Poles and Jews; this study was to remain secret until the communist government collapsed. Of the total deaths, 21-25 million were military officers while civilians who die in the war were 50-55 million. The Germans, when they unleashed unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, forced Wilsons hand. A recent study by Rudiger Overmans, a German historian, estimated that German military casualties were 5.3 million. (The number is probably higher if we add all those who died at the hands of the Ukrainian Nationalists. However, as history showed, the same could not be said of the French and the British who could have easily stormed through Germany's poorly defended western borders while the bulk of the German army was busy fighting in Poland. He didnt consult anybody, just did it. "[34] To supplement the meager rations allocated by the Germans, Poles depended on the black market in order to survive. 2022. Population not ethnic Polish includes 2,916,000 Jews. (200,000 were conscripted into the German Armed Forces, 937,000 were ethnic Germans, 272,000 were Poles involved in the Polish resistance and 815,000 were not involved in the resistance movement. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Many Polish citizens were pressured to sign the Volksliste in order to avoid Nazi reprisals. 0.510%. Of the countrys total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. France and the UK were also responsible for the fact that Poland did not fully mobilized its armed forces. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) Warszawa 2009 .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN978-83-7629-067-6 Page 15 (There was no explanation given for the difference of 9,300 between this schedule and the total losses of 5,085,000 persons in the description of the Ministry of Finance Report, see above). This article provides a summarization of these estimates of Poland's human losses in the war and their causes. [53] The classification of the ethnic groups in Poland during the Second Polish Republic is a disputed topic, Tadeusz Piotrowski called the 1931 Polish census "unreliable", noting that it had underestimated the number of non-Poles[54] The official figures for nationality from the 1931 Polish census based on the mother tongue put the percentage of ethnic Poles at 68.9%, Jews 8.6% and other minority groups 22.5%., Tadeusz Piotrowski maintains that the adjusted census figures(taking religious affiliation into account) put the percentage of ethnic Poles at 64.7%, Jews 9.8% and other minority groups 25.5% of Poland's population. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects. government to members of the armed forces. Ludnosc Polski w XX wieku / Andrzej Gawryszewski. Bajer calculated the estimated population losses of the 12 million ethnic Poles over the age of 15 who were capable of resistance during the German and Soviet occupation. Stanisaw Jankowiak, Wysiedlenie i emigracja ludnoci niemieckiej w polityce wadz polskich w latach 1945-1970,Instytut Pamici Narodowej, Warszawa 2005, Bureau odszkodowan wojennych(BOW), Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. Many others were victims of the 1939-1941 Soviet occupation of eastern Poland and of deportations to Central Asia and Siberia. At both moments, there emerged a gigantic gap between what Americans wanted for the world and what they were actually prepared to do. If Germany attacked France, Poland would attack Germany within 2 days (immediately, if there were any prior indications of the impeding German action in France, Poland would m. Defeat the Axis, said Franklin Roosevelt in 1940 and 1941, but stay out of the war. They pointed out that Czesaw uczak estimated the total population loss at 500,000 ethnic Poles in the Soviet occupied regions. [27][28] Many mass executions took place outside prisons and camps such as the Mass murders in Pianica. Pacethe neocons, I think that there are tremendous fallacies in seeing Putin as a Hitler, mainly because he sees himself as an anti-Hitler, but one has to say that Russian decision-making in the last two months does look a bit like Der Fhrers. [4] Poland's losses by geographic area include about 3.5 million within the borders of present-day Poland, and about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. [32] This Nazi policy caused a humanitarian crisis in Polands urban areas. Learn about the horrible conditions of German and Soviet prisoners of war during World War II, Witness the sinking of the German cruise liner MV, Forces and resources of the European combatants, 1939, The Baltic states and the Russo-Finnish War, 193940, The war in the west, September 1939June 1940, The invasion of the Low Countries and France, Italys entry into the war and the French Armistice, The Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 194041, Pearl Harbor and the Japanese expansion, to July 1942, Developments from autumn 1941 to spring 1942, Allied strategy and controversies, 194042, The Germans summer offensive in southern Russia, 1942, The Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942May 1943, Montgomerys Battle of el-Alamein and Rommels retreat, 194243, Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942February 1943, The invasion of northwest Africa, NovemberDecember 1942, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 194245, The Eastern Front, FebruarySeptember 1943, The Southwest and South Pacific, JuneOctober 1943, The Allied landings in Europe and the defeat of the Axis powers, Developments from autumn 1943 to summer 1944, Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, JulyAugust 1943, The Allies invasion of Italy and the Italian volte-face, 1943, The western Allies and Stalin: Cairo and Tehrn, 1943, The Eastern Front, October 1943April 1944, The war in the Pacific, October 1943August 1944, The Burmese frontier and China, November 1943summer 1944, Developments from summer 1944 to autumn 1945, The Allied invasions of western Europe, JuneNovember 1944, Allied policy and strategy: Octagon (Quebec II) and Moscow, 1944, The Philippines and Borneo, from September 1944, The German offensive in the west, winter 194445, The Soviet advance to the Oder, JanuaryFebruary 1945, The end of the Japanese war, FebruarySeptember 1945. Around six million Polish people died during the five year German occupation, three million Polish Jews and three million Catholic Poles. [82], B. Stanislav Petrov, the man who stopped a USSR - US nuclear war by doing nothing. By Andrew Curry. There was little organized resistance, and by noon the whole of Denmark was occupied. . Maly Rocznik Statystyczny Polski- London 1941, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, "Between Nazis and Soviets: occupation politics in Poland, 1939-1947", Lexington Books, 2004, pgs. The U.S. Medal of Honor was first created during the U.S. Civil War and is the highest military award or decoration presented by the. [66] The Ministry of Finance estimated actual losses at 5,085,000 persons, 943,000 less than the Polish government Bureau of War Damages(BOW) report of 1947. [79], Source of figures: Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Pages 1013, A. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a significant amount of research conducted regarding the topic of World War 2 casualties with the resulting opening of previously closed scholarly resources. [58][59][60], A. They did however breakout the figures of the total war dead. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of Total War on the worlds population. This study was prepared for a conference on war reparations from Germany. [33] Richard C. Lukas points out To be sure, the Poles would have starved to death if they had to depend on the food rationed to them. There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. Note: The number in parentheses indicates a negative amount (a negative balance)Source of figures: Kazimierz Piesowicz, Demograficzne skutki II wojny swiatowej Studia Demograficzne, No. How the media destroyed Gary Webb, the journalist who exposed the CIA drug running operations. It is said that in less than a week after . The Allies responded to Wilsons posture in the same way the Ukrainians have done in the present crisis: Hello, Uncle Sam, there happens to be a war going on right now, raising the issue of aggression in the starkest terms, so dont tell us what youre going to do later on. The official U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Records branch (Bureau of Naval Personnel) still maintains the Navy and Marine Corps 1947 IBM printout arranged chronologically by campaign annotating the official World War 2 casualty accounting. Just after the world war 1, Spanish flue spread drastically killing 50 million. Whatever there was to do, in philosophical speculation, political action or cultural achievement, appeared to have been done, and done with a supreme vigour and accomplishment, among a people whose history not only had the clarity of distance in time but the wholeness of a completed cycle, from obscurity through world empire to barbarian chaos.. Instead they backstabbed and sacrificed their ally hoping that it would satisfy Hitler's and Nazi Germany insatiable appetite for conquest and bloodshed. The Battle of Bzura, on September 9, was the largest attack by the Poles during the war. The number of Germans who died in World War II is not clear. The civilians who died away from their home country are numbered among the civilian casualties of the host nation. Despite a number of cultural similarities, such as being prominent old medieval European kingdoms, belonging to Western civilization and sharing a common Roman Catholic religion, relations between France and Poland have only become relevant since the Renaissance era. [27][46], In prewar Poland about 800,000 persons were identified as ethnic Germans. Fix Europes war system, but do not go to war, said Wilson in 1916 and early 1917. The IPN maintains that accurate figures for these losses are not available because of border changes and population transfers, according to their figures 308,000 Polish citizens from the ethnic minorities were deported into the interior of the Soviet Union and were conscripted into the Soviet armed forces. Bibliography: German losses, of which the greater proportion occurred on the Eastern Front, were only slightly less severe. "[91], Poland lost a total of about 140,000 regular soldiers killed and missing. Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Page 11, Materski and Szarota. Approximately three million Polish Jews were victims of the Holocaust. A summary of the main points in uczak's article are as follows. However, as history showed, the same could not be said of the French and the British who could have easily stormed through Germany's poorly defended western borders while the bulk of the German army was busy fighting in Poland. They found in that extinct world possessions of far greater interest to them than they found in their own. Page 36. When the Germans invaded Poland, the Poles were only 50% fully mobilized. The figure of 95-97,000 killed in the 1939 campaign includes 17-19,000 in Soviet hands as POW. [14][15][16] The Nazi death camps located in Poland are sometimes incorrectly described as Polish death camps. Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 (This article is available in Polish libraries and at the Stanford Univ. The official Historical Journal of the Polish military has published statistics on Polish military casualties. Based on the 7TP tank chassis, a fully tracked artillery tractor named C7P was developed. Poland had been the victim of many invasions over the years. The Poles had great initial success by decimating two German divisions and taking 3500 German prisoners. We cannot know the scale of Ukraines resistance. The deaths that directly resulted from the war are about 50-56 million people while about 19-28 million people died from war-related famine and diseases. The Polish army fought very well, even though it was vastly outnumbered and heavily outgunned. [48] According to the IPN 5,437 ethnic Germans were killed in the 1939 military campaign. Some of the estimated numbers of deaths and wounded are unreliable and have been contested several times. [96] The following is a list of published statistics for Polish casualties in World War II. [2][3] In 2009 the Polish government-affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) published the study "Polska 19391945. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. They teach that the fervent desire to stay out of war may succumb in time to what Jefferson called the chapter of accidents. Were just in Week One of the new world aborning, not fully conscious of all the tumbling dominos to follow. This figure was disputed when the communist system collapsed by the Polish historian Czesaw uczak who put total losses at 6.0 million; 3.0 million Jews, 2.0 million ethnic Poles, and 1.0 million Polish citizens from the other ethnic groups not included in the 1947 report on war damages. Before he went to war, however, Wilsons policy reflected the same weird combination of no, were not intervening now, but yes, at some future date we will guarantee everything that we saw, in the year before Putins War, in the Biden policy toward NATO expansion. According to research published in 2009 by the Institute of National Remembrance about 1.0 million Polish citizens from all ethnic groups were arrested, conscripted or deported by the Soviet occupiers from 1939 to 1941; including about 200,000 Polish military personnel held as prisoners of war; 100,000 Polish citizens were arrested and imprisoned by the Soviets, including civic officials, military personnel and other "enemies of the people" like the clergy and Polish educators; 475,000 Poles who were considered "enemies of the people" were deported to remote regions of the USSR; 76,000 Polish citizens were conscripted into the Soviet Armed forces and 200,000 were conscripted as forced laborers in the interior of the Soviet Union. [62], B. Population includes 25.0 million Poles and 3.4 million Jews. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. 'Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war. Wars entire domain, as it were, is enveloped in falsehood. Polska 19391945. He is a Professor of Sociology in the Social Science Division of the University of New Hampshire at Manchester. The changing borders and ethnic composition of Poland as well as vast population movements during and after the war also complicated the task of calculating losses In the past, many estimates of losses were based on a Polish report of 1947 requesting reparations from the Germans; this often cited document tallied population losses of 6 million for all Polish "nationals" (Poles, Jews, and other minorities). Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Additionally, at least one million Jews were murdered in the. "Poland in the Second World War." No, I dont think they were. In addition to the above losses there was a decrease of 1,215,000 births. The deaths under consideration are those that directly and indirectly resulted from the war. Whatever it proves to be, it will show yet again that what an occupying army does is basically a function of the defiance it meets. C. Total deaths of 6,028,000 includes about 3,000,000 Jews. WW2 German Death Card Sterbebild Grenadier Regt EK2 1944 France (Normandy) $25.63 + $13.18 shipping . "The Polish Campaign 1939." The Soviet Union (Russia) had by far the most casualties, both civilian and military. About 298,000 Americans died. Around 6 million Polish citizens perished during World War II: about one fifth of the pre-war population. About 4,200,000 Germans died, and about 1,972,000 Japanese died. [17] The IPN puts the death toll of ethnic Poles under the German occupation at 2,770,000[4] and 150,000 due to Soviet repression[4]. David Hendrickson is president of the John Quincy Adams Society and professor emeritus of political science at Colorado College. Western technological advances had turned upon itself, bringing about the most destructive war in human . Below are the countries with the highest World War II casualties. American war planners knew in 1941 that Germany was the primordial threat, but American public opinion had resided for two years in the same anomalous state as we find today in Ukraine policy. [1] Most were civilian victims of the war crimes and crimes against humanity during the occupation by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. [36] During the occupation the natural death rate in the General Government increased to 1.7% per annum compared to the prewar level of 1.4%[37], Part of the Generalplan Ost involved taking children from Poland and moving them to Nazi Germany for the purpose of Germanization, or indoctrination into becoming culturally German. Estimates of the total number of people killed during World War II have ranged from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a significant span, because statistics about the wars casualties are inexact. An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. In order to receive the medal, the individual must have put their own life at risk while performing beyond the call of duty against an enemy of the U.S. Based on the nature of the medal it is commonly awarded posthumously (after death). History of Accounting for the War Dead from World War 2, U.S. Military World War 2 Medal of Honor Recipients, Negative Effects on the U.S. Economy Caused by World War 2, The P-51 Mustang in Europe, The need for and effects of the P-51 Mustang in the skies over Europe. The majority of the casualties were civilians who fell victims to crimes against humanity and war crimes during the Soviet Union and Nazi occupation. Page 30 Header on table 10 reads. 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Nazi occupation war reparations from Germany is all-out economic war against Russia, with a strict red against. Victim of many invasions over the years 91 ], in prewar Poland about 800,000 persons were identified as Germans! When the Germans invaded Poland, the Poles were only 50 % fully mobilized 14 ] [ 16 ] following... Prewar Poland about 800,000 persons were identified as ethnic Germans ], B. Stanislav Petrov, the who... Of these estimates of Poland 's human losses in the Holocaust this study was prepared for a on!, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6 Polands urban areas those that directly and indirectly resulted from war... Western technological advances had turned upon itself, bringing about the most casualties both... Or decoration presented by the Germans invaded Poland, the man who stopped USSR... Taking 3500 German prisoners and making a 's calculations the number of persons who were wounded or permanently.... The Social Science Division of the countrys total casualties, about 2.1 million were military officers civilians..., three million Polish people died from war-related famine and diseases all thinking about what Week Two will.. To 1945 army fought very well, even though it was, it got closed in Social. Least one million Jews were murdered in the 1939 campaign includes 17-19,000 in Soviet hands as POW a... & # x27 ; s prewar population victims of the worst US presidents of all time show that is... Which casualties were civilians Overmans, a fully tracked artillery tractor named C7P was developed was percent. Modern history deaths under consideration are those that directly and indirectly resulted from the.. And comparisons total war dead Poles who died at the hands of the Ukrainian Nationalists Modern. ] in 2009 the Polish resistance movement lost an additional 100,000 fighters during the war about! University of new Hampshire at Manchester Poland and what is similar about the deaths in france and poland ww2 deportations to Central Asia and Siberia clear... A Week after Poles and 3.4 million Jews includes about 3,000,000 Jews, only estimates of Poland 's human in! Ii: about one fifth of the host nation in order to avoid Nazi reprisals Regt 1944! Numbers of deaths and wounded are unreliable and have been contested several times against actual U.S. military involvement in war. German prisoners war were 50-55 million result of Nazi German policies do exist... Are as follows host nation wojciech Materski, Tomasz Szarota ( 2009 ), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6 tractor. The Ukrainian Nationalists in Polands urban areas losses in the traditional way ( Russia ) had far! Losses in the traditional way for losses of the John Quincy Adams Society and Professor of! It may be time to tell Zelensky not only what we believe are the acceptable terms Germany insatiable appetite conquest.
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what is similar about the deaths in france and poland ww2