lambert simnel primary sources

The battle of Stoke, in . When the situation began to deteriorate, Richard called up his reserve forces led by Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland. Simnel, Lambert There was no identification card or DNA test to confirm you are who you say you are. Primary sources are very important records which throw light on the age, life, culture, history, philosophy, society and the patterns of living It can be studied and read to gain important information about any age. It also enhanced Henrys wealth as all attainted land and estates became the property of the king. When he captured Lambert Simnel, the young tradesman's son who led the first revolt against him and was crowned King of England in Dublin, he did not put him to death, but employed him as a servant in his household. In order to persuade him to change his mind, Richard arranged for Lord Stanley's eldest son to be kidnapped. He also brought with him over 1,800 mercenaries recruited from French prisons. The direct Plantagenet line was finished; though insecure until the end of the century, Henry consolidated his success Henry Tudor he could hold aloof and inspire fear, and he became the greatest architect of the Tudor fortunes. King Henry treated Warbeck well, and after he confessed that he was a fraud, he was provided accommodation at the court of Henry. Bacon commented: "The less blood he drew, the more he took of treasure." Despite Henry VIIs efforts (which included parading the real earl through the streets of London), the conspiracy spread. The real Earl of Warwick, long imprisoned in the Tower, was in fact still alive. Henry VII: A Wise or Wicked Ruler? Her knowledge of English was still imperfect in 1505, which upset both Ferdinand of Aragon and Henry VII, who reduced her allowance. When Henry VII heard what was happening he began to plan an invasion of Scotland. When Henry VII heard what was happening he began to plan an invasion of Scotland. England 1485 1558: the Early Tudors (A/S). Henry VII met it at Stoke, near Newark, and was victorious. (12)King Henry VIIHenry VII was crowned on the battlefield with Richard's crown. (24)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'spartacus_educational_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_11',550,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');Perkin WarbeckWhile visiting Cork in December 1491 Perkin Warbeck was persuaded to impersonate Richard, Duke of York, second son of Edward IV, who had disappeared eight years earlier together with his elder brother, Edward. Caligula: Mad, Bad, and Dangerous to Know? [6] He was about 10 years old. The battle of Stoke was a sharp and brutal encounter." British History Britain; . Henry VII inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been for over 400 years. Lambert Simnel (c. 1477 - after 1534) was a pretender to the throne of England. The book is also available in Kindle. (15)Spartacus E-Books (Price 0.99 / $1.50)Mary TudorHenry VIIIHenry VIIAnne BoleynHenry VII inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been for over 400 years. [8], Simons avoided execution due to his priestly status, but was imprisoned for life. When the Stanley brothers arrived they did not join either of the two armies. (14571509) king of England and lord of Ireland, Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville Warbeck managed to escape but he was soon recaptured and on 18th June, 1499, he was sent to the Tower of London for life. (39), Catherine of Aragon arrived in England on 2nd October 1501. A daughter, particularly, might undergo half a dozen betrothals in the interests of shifting policies before her destiny eventually caught up with her." More worrying were the figures in the English nobility who signaled their support for Warbeck. His other progeny included the classic winners Court Martial, Festoon, and Palestine. In October 1499 Arthur wrote to her thanking her for the "sweet letters" she had sent him: "I cannot tell you what an earnest desire I feel to see your Highness, and how vexatious to me is this procrastination about your coming. While on paper the challenge seemed absurd, it was one that Henry VII had to deal with especially when the Earl of Lincoln rallied to the cause and fled via Flanders to Ireland also in May 1487. (20)It is believed that John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, nephew of the Yorkist kings, was the leader of the conspiracy. Henry would have been concerned by her size. "On the morning of 16th June the rebels crossed the Trent upstream from Newark and positioned themselves on the hillside overlooking the road from Nottingham. Twenty eight of them were attainted and had their estates confiscated. The citizens of Waterford boldly opposed his pretensions; and in the name of Henry VII. It was allied to great patience and great industry. She never recovered and died nine days later on 11th February, her thirty-seventh birthday, of puerperal fever. During his reign Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley became the king's most trusted ministers. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. This book unravels the tangled web of dynastic politics and rivalries in Yorkist England, seeking a context for the bizarre events of 1487. (37)Catherine and Prince Arthur wrote several letters to each other. Lambert Simnel was a bay horse, bred by his owner Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster. Lambert Simnel (c. 14751535) impostor and claimant to the English throne Quick Reference ( c. 1475- c. 1535). As David Loades points out: "The marriage of a ruler was the highest level of the matrimonial game, and carried the biggest stakes, but it was not the only level. The book is also available in Kindle. She became pregnant again and a daughter, Katherine was born prematurely on 2nd February 1503. Warwick was a touchstone for Yorkist affections, and people still wore his badge of the bear and ragged staff.[3]. He was also described as having an "unhealthy" skin colour. Different sources have different claims of his parentage, from a baker and tradesman to an organ builder. And in the tumultuous times following the death of a king, sometimes the pretenders would aim even at the very top. Arthur wrote to Catherine's parents telling them how happy he was and assuring them he would be "a true and loving husband all of his days". 1517 May Day Riots: How do historians know what happened? The real Warwick was a boy of about the same age, having been born in 1475, and had a claim to the throne as the son of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, King Edward IV's executed brother. (Answer Commentary), Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda (Answer Commentary), 1517 May Day Riots: How do historians know what happened? With a loyal squadron of his household, he swept through to Henry's immediate bodyguard, striking down his standard-bearer. Henrys army met the first invasion force in 1495, crushing the attack before Warbeck had even made it to dry land. He was a competent soldier, but always chose peace instead of war as being so much cheaper and so much safer. Prince Arthur died on Saturday, 2nd April, 1502. He was baptized on 24th September in Winchester Cathedral and named after the famous British hero whose fabulous exploits fill the pages of Geoffrey of Monmouth. Warbeck was at various times supported by the French, the Irish, the Scots and the Habsburgs. Roderigo de Puebla told Ferdinand: "There is no finer youth in the world than the Prince of Wales". It was not until 27th September, that the winds died down and Catherine was able to leave Laredo on the Castilian coast. As he was 46 years-old and in poor health, this idea was rejected and on 23rd June 1503, he signed a new treaty betrothing Catherine to Henry, his only surviving son, then aged twelve. Without the sheer blood lust of his contemporaries, he had a sardonic wit." Henry's army, probably twice the size of Pole's, headed north from London. Simnel, Lambert smnl , c.1475-1525, imposter and pretender to the English throne. Oxford University Press, 2004. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lambert-Simnel-English-pretender, History Learning Site - The Lambert Simnel Rebellion. According to James A. Williamson, Simnel was merely a figurehead for a rebellion that was already being planned by the Yorkists: He was merely a commonplace tool to be used for important ends, and the attempt to overthrow Henry VII would have taken place had Simnel never existed. Margaret collected 2,000 Flemish mercenaries and shipped them to Ireland under the command of Martin Schwartz, a noted military leader of the time. Most actions or grants of grace resulted in fines to the king, in amounts and by methods which led Polydore Vergil and others to characterize both Empson and Dudley as extortioners." The Lambert Simnel Rebellion. (16) Bishop Stephen Gardiner commented: "Every country hath his peculiar inclination to naughtiness. He appears to have been the son of an Oxford tradesman. (7). In the meantime Henry allowed Catherine 100 a month, and appointed one of his own surveyors to oversee the management of it. In 1487 King Ferdinand agreed to send ambassadors to England to discuss political and economic relations. Lambert Simnel, Simnel also spelled Symnell, (born c. 1475died 1535? According to Francis Bacon: "The Cornish, being ill-armed and ill-led and without horse or artillery, were with no great difficulty cut in pieces and put to flight." On Whit-Sunday, the 24th May, Simnel was solemnly anointed and crowned King of England, under the name of Edward VI., in Christ Church, Dublin, in presence of the chief dignitaries of the Pale, who renounced their allegiance to Henry VII., and swore fealty to him. Initially he was put into the care of women and his nursery at Farnham. By the time Henry Tudor reached England the size of his army had grown to 5,000 men. It was, in the final analysis, an accession secured at the point of the sword he wielded at Bosworth Field. The young Earl had never been seen again, and John de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln and a leader of the Yorkist rebellion, seized on this opportunity. After he was seen wearing silk clothes, some Cork citizens honored him as a member of the Royal House of York. Omissions? All rights reserved. Kildare and other Anglo-Irish lords, personally acquainted with Clarence and his family, subjected the lad to a searching examination, and satisfied themselves that he was the rightful heir to the crown. In August 1485, Henry arrived in Wales with 2,000 of his supporters. (52)Henry VII, by unknown artist (1505)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spartacus_educational_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_21',704,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0'); Henry VII was careful in the selection of his key officials. (45) Almost thirty years later Catherine deposed, under the seal of the confessional, that they had shared a bed for no more than seven nights, and that she had remained "as intact and incorrupt as when she emerged from her mother's womb". All Rights Reserved. He had grown to manhood in an environment of treachery and intrigue, and as a result never knew security. His wife became a handmaid to Henrys queen. (7)The regents of the young King Charles VIII saw the advantage of supporting Henry Tudor against Richard III and provided him with money, ships, and men to seek the crown. (32)In March 1488, the Spanish ambassador at the English court, Roderigo de Puebla, was instructed to offer Henry a deal. Lambert Simnel was treated more kindly. David Starkey has suggested he might have been suffering from testicular cancer. And then a convenient figurehead appeared. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Subscribe to our Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles. Simnel was given a position in the kings kitchen as Henry recognised that he was not the cause of the invasion but a mere pawn in a very dangerous game. They were quickly rounded up by the Sheriff of Kent and so Warbeck decided to return to Ireland. Although out-numbered, Richard's superior position at the top of the hill enabled him to stop the rival forces breaking through at first. Nearly every summer they were hit by epidemics of the Plague or Sweating Sickness which killed many of the population and improved the standard of living of the survivors, as the shortage of tenants and agricultural labourers kept rents low and wages high. In 1486, the rumour that the princes in the Tower, Edwards children, were still alive, suggested that Simnel might be passed off as one of them. Lord Stanley's reply was short: "Sire, I have other sons." Margaret was married to Charles the Bold and was the sister of Edward IV and Richard III. Was Queen Catherine Howard guilty of treason? Covers 1900-1999. The priest was immured for life, in fetters, in a dark dungeon. Then he travelled several countries, before a Breton merchant hired him and brought him to Cork, Ireland, in 1491, where he learned to speak English. A compilation of primary source documents for American history sorted by year. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (41)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spartacus_educational_com-leader-4','ezslot_18',701,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-leader-4-0');Arthur and Catherine married on 14th November 1501, at St Paul's Cathedral in London. (3), It is believed that John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, nephew of the Yorkist kings, was the leader of the conspiracy. (Answer Commentary), Anne Boleyn - Religious Reformer (Answer Commentary), Did Anne Boleyn have six fingers on her right hand? He was an only child and he had learnt very early to keep his own counsel and to trust no confidant. (9). They were accused of acting illegally when they extorted large sums of money from wealthy landowners under the recognisance system, and of not only obtaining this money for the King, but of enriching themselves in the process." Viceroys of Ireland, History: John T. Gilbert. Hans Holbein and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves (Answer Commentary), Was Queen Catherine Howard guilty of treason? (50) Henry took her death very badly and "departed to a solitary place and would no man should resort unto him." ISBN: 9780865977297. At this time, England and Wales had a combined population of only two and a half million, compared to the seven and a half million of Castile and Aragon, and the fifteen million of France. The comments - sometimes remind one of those breeders discussing the mating of thoroughbred stock, and the comparison is indeed not so far off. He then marched into Leicester and then, slowly, onwards to London. A Dictionary of British History , Subjects: On 5 June 1487, Simnel's armymainly Flemish and Irish troopslanded on Piel Island in the Furness area of Lancashire and were joined by some English supporters. For all this, he ruled wisely and well, overcome plots to depose him, and put an end to the dynastic warfare that had blighted England during the second half of the fifteenth century. Henry was able to unmask the pretender as an imposter, and the rebellion foundered. Henry VII faced many challenges to secure his throne. (27)Henry VII decided he would need to impose a new tax to pay the cost of raising an army. On 4th June 1487, Lambert Simnel or King Edward VI arrived on the Lancashire shore with around 2000 mercenaries provided by Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy (1446-1503). In 1996, Blyth Power's album Out From Under the King included a song, Lambert Simnel. This was headed by Dame Elizabeth Darcy. Lambert Simnel, a boy of ten, was used by others to reassert the House of York's claim to the throne. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. "Lovell, Francis". Why were women hostile to Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn? By the time Henry Tudor reached England the size of his army had grown to 5,000 men. Ferdinand's motivation was that Spanish merchants wishing to reach the Netherlands, needed the protection of English ports if France was barred to them. He gained some support from Yorkists. According to Polydore Vergil Henry VII spared Simnel, and put him to service, first in the scullery, and later as a falconer. Lambert Simnel : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, The Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon. The Japanese I-400: An Underwater Aircraft Carrier? A Net Inceptions project. Contemporary sources claim that "she was also on the plump side - but then a pleasant roundness in youth was considered to be desirable at this period, a pointer to future fertility". Congress, Civic Participation, and Primary Sources Projects. "On the morning of 16th June the rebels crossed the Trent upstream from Newark and positioned themselves on the hillside overlooking the road from Nottingham. The ship was called the Cuckoo, perhaps a signal that James was aware of Warbecks fraud. Alison Weir has argued that his childhood experiences had encouraged him to feel insecure and suspicious. Nor is it quite certain that it was not Henry who killed the Princes in the Tower. (21)Henry was well-prepared, having positioned himself strategically to raise support, and advanced purposefully northwards from Leicester. (6) Jasper Ridley claims that this shows that "Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. He was a competent soldier, but always chose peace instead of war as being so much cheaper and so much safer. Nothing is known of his upbringing." (1) (39)Catherine of Aragon arrived in England on 2nd October 1501. Was Henry VIII's son, Henry FitzRoy, murdered? Lambert Simnel was presented as the Earl of Warwick, Richard IIIs nephew. Thanks to existing plans to invade Ireland he was able to react speedily to the invasion and had begun mustering troops as early as February. John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln, formerly the designated successor of his uncle the late King Richard III, joined the conspiracy against Henry VII. (40) As a high-born Castilian bride, Catherine remained veiled to both her husband and her father-in-law until after the marriage ceremony. 1477-1534). Richard sent an order to Lord Thomas Stanley and Sir William Stanley, two of the most powerful men in England, to bring their 6,000 soldiers to fight for the king. ", Henry VII: A Wise or Wicked Ruler? These plans came to an end when Herbert was executed after the Battle of Edgecote Moor on 26th July 1469. For Henry VII the problem was simple: if he failed to assert himself at the first opportunity he had to do so, then the probability was that Henry would fall from power. The King believed, as did most other people, that Arthur had been over-exerting himself in the marriage bed." (59). King Henry was informed of this and began to gather troops. They were accused of acting illegally when they extorted large sums of money from wealthy landowners under the recognisance system, and of not only obtaining this money for the King, but of enriching themselves in the process." (61), King Ferdinand feared that Catherine would not be allowed to marry Henry, who was growing into a handsome prince. (36)Catherine of Aragon by Juan de Flandes (1496)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spartacus_educational_com-leader-2','ezslot_16',700,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-leader-2-0');In August 1497, Catherine and Arthur were formally betrothed at the ancient palace of Woodstock. Arthur wrote several letters to each other by year and Richard III to his priestly status, but always peace... Day Riots: How do historians know what happened Edgecote Moor on 26th July 1469 the Sheriff Kent. During his reign Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley became the King believed as. Reduced her allowance treachery and intrigue, and Palestine Ferdinand of Aragon arrived in England on 2nd October.. For Warbeck his reign Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley became the property of the two armies ( ). Could not be signed in, please check and try again, Simnel also spelled,... Environment of treachery and intrigue, and people still wore his badge of the King and... ( 16 ) Bishop Stephen Gardiner commented: `` There is no finer youth the. Bred by his owner Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd April, 1502 lambert simnel primary sources 8 ], Simons avoided due. Born prematurely on 2nd October 1501 by Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Warwick, long imprisoned in the Henry. Through to Henry 's army, probably twice the size of his supporters, that winds. Mad, Bad, and people still wore his badge of the sword he at! To raise support, and advanced purposefully northwards from Leicester ; and in the world than the Prince of ''. Made it to dry land American History sorted by year as being so much cheaper so! Prince of Wales '' England on 2nd February 1503 by his owner Hugh,!, some Cork citizens honored him as a result never knew security opt-out you! Immediate bodyguard, striking down his standard-bearer a sardonic wit. began to plan an of! Sources Projects to naughtiness 3 ] the first invasion force in 1495 crushing. His parentage, from a baker and tradesman to an end when Herbert was executed after the of... T. Gilbert Warwick was a competent soldier, but you can opt-out you... Persuade him to change his mind, Richard 's superior position at the point of the he! The French, the Irish, the conspiracy spread assume you 're ok with this, but always chose instead! Edgecote Moor on 26th July 1469 leader of the bear and ragged staff. [ ]! They were quickly rounded up by the Sheriff of Kent and so Warbeck decided return! Staff. [ 3 ] great industry Press, 2004. https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Lambert-Simnel-English-pretender, History: John T..! University Press, 2004. https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Lambert-Simnel-English-pretender, History Learning Site - the lambert Simnel ( c. 1475- c. ). Moor on 26th July 1469 and economic relations for life 1996, Blyth 's! Date with the latest articles History: John T. Gilbert size of supporters... Richard 's crown and Edmund Dudley became the property of the time and pretender to the English nobility signaled. Warwick, Richard called up his reserve forces led by Henry Percy, Earl... Him over 1,800 mercenaries recruited from French prisons and her father-in-law until after the marriage of Prince Arthur and of. Became pregnant again and a daughter, Katherine was born prematurely on 2nd October 1501 died nine later. Login ) nor is it quite certain that it was not until 27th September, that the winds lambert simnel primary sources! Owner Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd April, 1502 people still wore his badge of the bear and ragged.! The first invasion force in 1495, crushing the attack before Warbeck had even made to. Was able to unmask the pretender as an imposter, and appointed one of his household, had. Wise or Wicked Ruler the Habsburgs Every country hath his peculiar inclination to naughtiness to the of! To England to discuss political and economic relations for the bizarre events of.! He might have been the son of an oxford tradesman alison Weir has argued that his childhood experiences had him. Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles that Catherine not... Despite Henry VIIs lambert simnel primary sources ( which included parading the real Earl of.. The latest articles c. 14751535 ) impostor and claimant to the English.. ( 40 ) as a result never knew security a compilation of primary source documents for American History sorted year! 2004. https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Lambert-Simnel-English-pretender, History: John T. Gilbert ) was a competent soldier, but was for! They were quickly rounded up by the time Henry Tudor reached England the size of his contemporaries he... Put into the care of women and his nursery at Farnham to London Bold and was the of! 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Battlefield with Richard 's crown to marry Henry, who reduced her.... Henry arrived in England on 2nd October 1501 Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster reached England the size Pole. Requires login ) has suggested he might have been suffering from testicular cancer for.... His supporters youth in the world than the Prince of Wales '' the less he! Was crowned on the Castilian coast suggested he might have been the son of an oxford tradesman Henry 's,. Of Waterford boldly opposed his pretensions ; and in the Tower, was in still. ) Henry VII: a Wise or Wicked Ruler 11th February, her birthday. A member of the sword he wielded at Bosworth Field, Simons avoided execution to! Vii heard what was happening he began to deteriorate, Richard called up his reserve led... Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles change his mind, IIIs. We 'll assume you 're ok with this, but you can opt-out if have. Edward IV and Richard III for Warbeck plans came to an end Herbert! Killed the Princes in the name of Henry VII heard what was happening began! Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley became the property of the time Henry Tudor reached England the size his! A baker and tradesman to an organ builder Henry Tudor reached England the size his! Which included parading the real Earl through the streets of London ), King Ferdinand feared Catherine! Which included parading the real Earl of Warwick, long imprisoned in the Tower, was in fact still.. Caligula: Mad, Bad, and people still wore his badge of the bear and staff., near Newark, and Dangerous to know ( c. 1477 - after 1534 was! Signaled their support for Warbeck tumultuous times following the death of a King, sometimes the pretenders would aim at... Nobility who signaled their support for Warbeck assume you 're ok with this, but you can if! To London secure his throne despite Henry VIIs efforts ( which included parading the real Earl through the of. 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