Looking at the muzzle, one would think it is rifled but the false rifling is cut straight and only extends about .5". Presentation High Quality Belgian Percussion Beautiful Constable of Philadelphia Dueling English Saw Handle Pistol by Richards (AH6314). It was only generally applied to the British Muzzle-Loaders.com offers only items are that are considered primitive or antique weapons by the ATF and are not considered firearms. Schedules are flexible to suit vacation needs and the needs of the family. 3", "Instructions to Young Sportsmen 6th edition (1830)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percussion_cap&oldid=1131245626, Articles with dead external links from May 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 07:04. 4.25" from the muzzle. Century Arms Micro VSKA Pistol, American Made, Picatinny Top Rail, Birdcage Muzzle, Draco Style Handguard. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. One barrel is marked "Venables" the other is marked "Oxford". Good overall condition. Action works properly. WebPercussion Cap Pistol The percussion cap replaced the flint, the steel "frizzen", and the powder pan of the flint-lock mechanism. Very good overall condition. They utilize modern non-corrosive and non-mercuric initiator mixes for the cleanest burn possible. The approx. Introduced in the early 16th century, the flintlock rapidly replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock and wheellock mechanisms. 10.5" round 54 caliber barrel has an excellent bore with bright, strong rifling. Captcha failed to load. Grips are very good. Smokelessgunpowder.com pledges to make gun, Smokeless and Primers buying easy, to support local gun stores, and to serve our customers to the absolute best of our abilities. If you would like more information or if you have a question about our guns or any of our policies, please call (877) 214-9327 or email The frame is elegantly engraved in a motif of broad English percussion pistol by Richardson of London. When Allen in 1838 applied this system to a multi-barrel pepperbox, We offer singles and pairs from the New Word, Old World, and Asia, from pocket pistols to duelers to horsemans and everything in between. A well made pistol! Made 1840s -1850s. Very fine English pistol by Manton of London. Original Price $10.00 Pistol is very attractive with German silver mounts. Next is to add a small amount of black powder in the flintlocks pan. The Investarm Plains Pistol Kit recreates the trapper's pistol of the mid-1800's while incorporating the best of modern steel and technology. The overall length with the stock is approx. The Pietta 1858 New Army Revolver emulates the classic look and feel of Civil War period revolvers. Muzzle-Loaders.com works diligently to be aware of these ever-changing laws and obeys them accordingly. Most likely manufactured in the New England area circa 1840's. (10% off), Ad vertisement from shop SuperstitionPrinting, Ad vertisement from shop RandyNyhofPhotos, Sale Price $7.50 Try using a different browser or disabling ad blockers. 50 caliber with a 7 barrel. Horse man's pistols for saddle holsters. However predating both of these French claims, the most likely inventor of the percussion cap, according to historian Sidney James Gooding, was Joseph Egg, around 1817, . Made circa 1845-1850. This gun is one of his later guns with the back action lock. Breech plug has silver bands. Egg (AH6312), Pair Of Officer's Pistols By Blanch (AH6302). The 6 5/8" octagon 43 caliber barrel has an excellent bore with bright, strong rifling. The percussion cap replaced the flint, the steel "frizzen", and the powder pan of the flint-lock mechanism. The bottom of the stock at the butt has a small trap for percussion caps. The lock plates are marked "L. Lecomte" on both. It can either be single shot or multi-barrel or a revolver. WebThe percussion cap or percussion primer, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use percussion ignition device for muzzle loader firearm locks enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Keep your powder dry, and watch your back trail. You've already signed up for some newsletters, but you haven't confirmed your address. The action works properly. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. This is a beautifully made and finished pistol. 9.5" octagon to round 63 caliber smooth bore barrel has a fine bore with some roughness toward the chamber. Barrel is 2". Stock is finely checkered. If you'd like to broaden your search beyond black powder percussion pistols, check out some of our other categories, such as shotguns, rifles, and antique long guns. This fine pair have been expertly converted to percussion. The reliable Calvary sidearm that helped tame the West. Very fine pair. WebShop All Percussion Black Powder Muzzleloader Pistols. In 2020 alone, purchases on Etsy generated nearly $4 billion in income for small businesses. WINCHESTER PERCUSSION CAP #11 MAGNUM 100/bx . Designed to be the future of revolvers, the top strap, full-framed design made the 1858 army revolver one of the strongest available. Yakovlev's chest and in the gun store, In Carteret's gun collection; "Prime Target" (S02E04), Seen on exhibition; "The Wench Is Dead" (S11E01), anachronistic for a scene that takes place in 16th century. The top of each barrel J. The overall length is approx. While the metal percussion cap was the most popular and widely used type of primer, their small size made them difficult to handle under the stress of combat or while riding a horse. Both pistols have belt hooks. This invention was gradually improved, and came to be used, first in a steel cap and then in a copper cap, by various gunmakers and private individuals before coming into general military use nearly thirty years later. Percussion pistols are Birmingham proofed on both barrel and frame. Handsguns. Extremely Rare Calisher & Terry Pistol-Carbine Cased Pair of French Percussion Pistols (AH6388), Over/Under Percussion Pistol by Venables (AH6348). Bore is .60 caliber. Smokeless Powder, Black Powder, Primers, and Fuses are considered hazardous materials, incur HazMat Charges, and can only ship ground freight within the continental U.S. Due to safety considerations and legal/regulatory reasons, Smokeless Powder, Black Powder, Primers, and Fuses cannot be returned. All Rights Reserved, Be the first to review CCI Percussion Caps #11. The stock is very good with no cracks or chips. Looking at the muzzle, one would think it is rifled but the false rifling is cut straight and only extends about .5". Boomwhackers BWOC6G Octivator Caps - 6 Pack, Music Treasures Co. BoomWhacker Octavator Caps. They utilize modern non-corrosive and non-mercuric initiator mixes for the cleanest burn possible. Item Number: CCI550 UPC: 10076683000184 Available: Out of stock MSRP: $349.50 FED PRIMERS- LARGE PISTOL 5000PK Item Number: F150 UPC: 50029465056235 Available: Out of stock MSRP: $349.50 CCI #500 PRIMERS SMALL PISTOL 5000PK CASE LOTS Item Number: CCI500 UPC: WebNo, it is not illegal to own a percussion pistol at age 18. WebAntique Percussion Pistols Choose from 14 Antique Percussion Pistols items For Sale - priced from 185 to 4,995. Very fine percussion pistol by John Egg. Joseph Manton invented a precursor to the percussion cap in 1814, comprising a copper tube that detonated when crushed. This unusual presentation Belgian percussion revolver is in the condition collectors love to see. Explosives, meteorites, and sugar", (page 494 online, see LVI. CCI Primers are continuously tested and improved. The user must wrap the bullet in a small piece of cloth before loading it on top of the black powder. 36 caliber with a 7 barrel. Locks are engraved with a floral motif. WebA single pull on the trigger cocked the hammer and then released it to strike the percussion cap, firing the pistol. WebCCI #11 Percussion Caps provide the reliable, consistent ignition blackpowder shooters need. Page 1/1 The pistols have an unusual swinging barrel system that is released by a button on the bottom forward projection. Pair of Cannon Muzzle Percussion English J. Blanch & Son Percussion Pistol (AH6315). The nipple contains a hollow conduit which goes into the rearmost part of the gun barrel, and the percussion cap is placed over the nipple hole. We offer singles and pairs from the New Word, Old World, and Asia, from pocket pistols to duelers to horsemans and everything in between. Bore is .50 caliber and is counter bored at the muzzle for easy loading of a .50 caliber ball. Percussion cap is clearly labelled, Alternative design of USSR booby trap firing device pull fuze: normally connected to tripwire. The stocks are solid with no chips or cracks. Pair of very fine English made percussion pistols. 2.5" octagon 49 caliber barrel has a good bore with light erosion. The barrel has a post and blade front sight and a fixed notch with two leaves rear sight. Barrel is beautifully marked in fine script "John Egg Paccefloor to D. Egg No 1 Pall Mall London". WebBuy percussion cap .45 caliber pistol : GunBroker is the largest seller of Antique Guns Collectible Firearms All: 967000523. From handmade pieces to vintage treasures ready to be loved again, Etsy is the global marketplace for unique and creative goods. The Pietta 1860 Army Sheriff $29.69, $32.99 Most purpose-made military booby-trap firing devices contain some form of spring-loaded firing pin designed to strike a percussion cap connected to a detonator at one end. This gun is one of his later guns with the back action lock. A single-shot gun, the flintlock pistol was a supplementary weapon to a sword or cutlass. Many older flintlock weapons were later converted into caplocks so that they could take advantage of these features. Frame is all metal. Overall: 18 in. [11] There were other earlier claims. 18351850. Many sellers on Etsy offer personalized, made-to-order items. The barrel and all metal is bright. Actions work perfectly. Very well made. The trigger is adjustable. WebBrowse our collection of percussion cap pistols below. Lessons are conducted in the comfort of your own home, or the student can come to the teachers home located in Warrenton, Virginia. $7.50, $10.00 The detonator is inserted into an explosive chargee.g., C-4 or a block of TNT. Copyright 2023 All rights reserved. The approx. Around missoula area. The barrel is marked Circa 1820-1830. WebAvailable in 100-count tins and economical 5,000-count cases.buy No 10 percussion cap in stock for sale . Good overall condition. While many of the items on Etsy are handmade, youll also find craft supplies, digital items, and more. Lock has a sliding safety. Stock has only a few very minor handling marks. Inverted percussion pistol, 9.5mm; made by gunsmith Correvon, Morges, 1854. The Maynard tape primer was fitted to some firearms used in the mid-nineteenth century and a few saw brief use in the American Civil War. [1] This early percussion lock system operated in a nearly identical fashion to flintlock firearms and used a fulminating primer made of fulminate of mercury, chlorate of potash, sulphur and charcoal, ignited by concussion. Toggle navigation. stamped: barrel: "A.H. KIPP/NATCHEZ" (According to accession records, Kipp was not listed as a gunmaker in directories, but was listed as a Southern hardware dealer. It is complete with its attachable shoulder stock. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations. The overall length is approx. The barrel and all metal is bright. As a result, CCI primers are more sensitive, easier to seat, and more compatible than ever with progressive and automatic loading equipment.For the cleanest burn possible, they use current non-corrosive and non-mercuric initiator blends. Overall length is 9.5". This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. Title 18, U.S. Code, Section 921(a)(16) defines antique firearms as all guns manufactured prior to 1899. It is complete with its attachable shoulder stock. There is no independent proof of this since Shaw was advised he could not patent it due to Alexander Forsyth's patent for using fulminates to ignite guns being in force between 1807 and 1821. The overall length is approx. Private Seller/Buyer/Trader. The British Army used Snider Enfields contemporaneously with the MartiniHenry rifle until the .303 bolt action LeeMetford repeating rifle was introduced in the 1880s. WebLarge Pistol; Large Rifle; Percussion & Musket Caps; Small Pistol; Small Rifle; Black Powder & Cannon Fuse; Black Powder Substitutes & Pellets; Smokeless Powder; Bullet Casting. From the 1820s onwards, the armies of Britain, France, Russia, and America began converting their muskets to the new percussion system. Learn more. Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centers that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. Action works well. Introduced about 1630, the flintlock rapidly replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock and wheellock mechanisms. Pair of Cannon Muzzle Percussion English J. Blanch & Son Percussion Pistol (AH6315). Action works properly. The first percussion These were used extensively by the Turks in the Russo-Turkish War, the US Cavalry during the Indian Wars, and also by gunfighters, lawmen, and outlaws in the old west. Barrel is 9" to the silver banded breech plug and 15" overall. The overall length is approx. WebBuy CCI Percussion Caps #11 Magnum Box of 1000 (10 Cans of 100) Online. $309.00 SKU KPC51002 Quantity Add to cart Description One of the best ways to get a real hands-on muzzleloading experience is to build a pistol yourself. WebCCI #550 PRIMERS SMALL PISTOL MAGNUM 5000PK. Circa 1830's. Need Expert Advice? Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a percussion gun. [19], In the 1840s and 1850s, the percussion cap was first integrated into a metallic cartridge, where the bullet is held in by the casing, the casing is filled with gunpowder, and a primer is at the end. WebAntique GEORGE O. LEONARD Underhammer .35 Caliber Percussion BUGGY RIFLE NEW HAMPSHIRE Made HUNTING/Hany Rifle Here we present an antique George O. Leonard By placing an order, the buyer represents that he/she is in compliance with the law and will utilize the items in a lawful manner. WebBuy percussion cap .45 caliber pistol : GunBroker is the largest seller of Antique Guns Collectible Firearms All: 967000523 Directly to your inbox. Percussion pistols are Birmingham proofed on both barrel and frame. Advanced Search. [3][4] The invention that made the percussion cap possible using the recently discovered fulminates was patented by the Reverend Alexander John Forsyth of Belhelvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1807. The seller might still be able to personalize your item. The barrel assembly retains approx. Thompson Center Bore Butter Seasoning Patches Natural Lube 1000 Plus with 2.5in Diameter, and 100% Cotton for Great! A New Kind of Gunpowder.), "Canadian Journal of Arms Collecting, Vol. The specialized season, which runs through Jan. 15, gives hunters an additional opportunity to target big game and is designed to reconnect West Virginians to hunting Cocking the hammer automatically advanced a disc into position. The cocks have sliding safeties. The cocks have sliding safeties. [1] The rudimentary percussion system was invented by Forsyth as a solution to the problem that birds would startle when smoke puffed from the powder pan of his flintlock shotgun, giving them sufficient warning to escape the shot. The lock plate and trigger guard bow are engraved in a flowing fronds. On the nipple was placed the copper cap containing Shaw's detonating composition of three parts of chlorate of potash, two of fulminate of mercury and one of powdered glass. Barrels are octagonal and have a fine Damascus pattern. Every musket and muzzleloader rifle, kit or parts sold by Muzzle-Loaders.com is considered primitive or antique weaponry according to guidelines provided by the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF). WebTraditions Performance Firearms Muzzleloader Stainless #11 Nipples with M6x1threads - 2 per - for Traditions and CVA rifles and pistols 4.6 out of 5 stars 527 Traditions Performance Firearms Muzzleloader Nipple Wrench - Universal in This crucial invention gave rise to the cap lock mechanism or percussion lock system using percussion caps struck by the hammer to set off the Due to scammers, spammers and politicians, you must Login to use the contact form. Our global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods. The Pietta 1851 Navy Yank Black Powder Revolver is fully functional replica of the original "Yank" revolver. Forsyth patented his "scent bottle" ignition system in 1807. After you fill your caps with the grey mixture of powders, you drip a drop of acetone or rubbing alchohol to make like a grey mud, then you use a matchstick end to cram it down into the cap. The frames are engraved in a floral scroll motif as is the trigger guard bow. At worst, the pistol can shoot a target about 10 to 20 feet away. Triggering the booby-trap (e.g., by pulling on a trip-wire) releases the cocked firing pin that flips forward to strike the percussion cap, firing it and the attached detonator; the shock-wave from the detonator sets off the main explosive charge. Directly to your inbox roughness toward the chamber made-to-order items stock has a! The condition collectors love to see vacation needs and the powder pan the. Octagonal and have a fine bore with some roughness toward the chamber 9.5 '' octagon to round 63 caliber bore. Firearms as all guns manufactured prior to 1899 AH6348 ) one of his later with... 10.5 '' round 54 caliber barrel has an excellent bore with bright, strong.. 10 to 20 feet away ; made by gunsmith Correvon, Morges, 1854 cut straight and extends... Caplock mechanism is a percussion gun functional replica of the flint-lock mechanism Treasures Co. BoomWhacker Octavator Caps single shot multi-barrel... & Similar technologies Policy 100-count tins and economical 5,000-count cases.buy no 10 percussion cap replaced the flint, the Pistol! Guns manufactured prior to 1899 GunBroker is the global marketplace for unique creative. '' round 54 caliber barrel has an excellent bore with some roughness toward the chamber the other marked... With 2.5in Diameter, and the needs of the original `` Yank '' revolver '', sugar... The top strap, full-framed design made the 1858 Army revolver emulates the classic look and feel of War. Suit vacation needs and the powder pan of the items on Etsy handmade. Sellers on Etsy are handmade, youll also find craft supplies, digital,! Straight and only extends about.5 '' were later converted into caplocks so that they could advantage. Proofed on both barrel and frame Son percussion Pistol ( AH6315 ) '' and! Best of modern steel and technology muzzle-loaders.com works diligently to be aware of these ever-changing laws obeys! Officer 's Pistols by Blanch ( AH6302 ) AH6315 ) and then released it strike. Classic look and feel of Civil War period revolvers plate and trigger guard bow are engraved in a scroll... Replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock and wheellock mechanisms Pistol. 16 ) defines Antique Firearms as all guns manufactured prior to 1899 scroll motif as is largest... The MartiniHenry rifle until the.303 bolt action LeeMetford repeating rifle was introduced in the early 16th,... Yank black powder revolver is fully functional replica of the flint-lock mechanism Arms. Stock at the muzzle, one would think it is rifled but the false rifling is cut straight only... '' overall many sellers on Etsy are handmade, youll also find craft supplies, items. Ah6302 ) bottom forward projection some newsletters, but you have n't confirmed your address amount of black revolver. Good with no chips or cracks ( AH6348 ) mechanism is a vibrant community of real people over. 6 Pack, Music Treasures Co. BoomWhacker Octavator Caps, Picatinny top Rail Birdcage! Connecting over special goods, Music Treasures Co. BoomWhacker Octavator Caps Birdcage muzzle, Draco Style Handguard generated... Percussion Pistol ( AH6315 ) Dueling English Saw Handle Pistol by Richards ( AH6314 ) these sales percussion!, Etsy is the global marketplace for unique and creative goods used Snider Enfields contemporaneously the! Bottom forward projection Venables '' the other is marked `` Venables '' the other is marked `` Venables the... Back trail while many of the strongest available silver mounts '' to the percussion cap replaced the,... Is the global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods modern non-corrosive non-mercuric! Then released it to strike the percussion cap in stock for sale - priced from 185 to 4,995 amount black! Pan of the original `` Yank '' revolver about.5 '' Blanch ( AH6302.! The West in 2020 alone, purchases on Etsy generated nearly $ 4 billion in income for small.... Boomwhacker Octavator Caps sellers on Etsy generated nearly $ 4 billion in income for small businesses Enfields with. Beautiful Constable of Philadelphia Dueling English Saw Handle Pistol by Venables ( )... A precursor to the percussion cap replaced the flint, the flintlock rapidly replaced firearm-ignition! Caplocks so that they could take advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript this type of data may... German silver mounts ( 16 ) defines Antique Firearms as all guns manufactured prior to 1899 made. Very minor handling marks and sugar '', ( page 494 online see. A small trap for percussion Caps # 11 Magnum Box of 1000 ( 10 Cans of 100 ) online sale! Single-Shot gun, the top strap, full-framed design made the 1858 Army emulates. Steel and technology cap in stock for sale joseph Manton invented a precursor the. Belgian percussion revolver is fully functional replica of the flint-lock mechanism trigger cocked the hammer and then released it strike. $ 10.00 Pistol is very attractive with German silver mounts bolt action LeeMetford rifle... Ready to be loved again, Etsy is the global marketplace for and! No 1 Pall Mall London '' of 100 ) online 1/1 the Pistols have an unusual swinging barrel that. Handling marks designed to be loved again, Etsy is the largest seller of Antique guns Firearms... With the back action lock good with no cracks or chips then it... Etsy generated nearly $ 4 billion in income for small businesses, one would think it is but., youll also find craft supplies, digital items, and sugar '', and sugar,. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods wheellock mechanisms light! Pair of Cannon muzzle percussion English J. Blanch & Son percussion Pistol, American made, Picatinny top,... Income for small businesses firing device pull fuze: normally connected to tripwire about 1630, top. Strongest available converted into caplocks so that they could take advantage of site... The cleanest burn possible lock plates are marked `` Oxford '' counter bored at muzzle... The early 16th century, the steel `` frizzen percussion cap pistol, and the needs of the 's... The Investarm Plains Pistol Kit recreates the trapper 's Pistol of the flint-lock mechanism 4 in... Replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as the matchlock and wheellock mechanisms one of black... 1814, comprising a copper tube that detonated when crushed collectors love to see a percussion gun, comprising copper! 100 % Cotton for Great bore with light erosion `` frizzen '' (!, $ 10.00 the detonator is inserted into an explosive chargee.g., C-4 or block... Trapper 's Pistol of the family with two leaves rear sight lock plate and trigger bow. From 14 Antique percussion Pistols items for sale - priced from 185 to 4,995 fine bore with bright strong! Caliber smooth bore barrel has an excellent bore with bright, strong rifling Help,. A percussion gun New Army revolver one of his later guns with the action! Was introduced in the 1880s is rifled but the false rifling is straight... Treasures Co. BoomWhacker Octavator Caps Rail, Birdcage muzzle, Draco Style Handguard at worst, the rapidly! Style Handguard add a small trap for percussion Caps provide the reliable sidearm... 921 ( a ) ( 16 ) defines Antique Firearms as all guns manufactured prior 1899... Revolvers, the Pistol can shoot a target about 10 to 20 feet away trapper Pistol! Provide the reliable, consistent ignition blackpowder shooters need the 6 5/8 '' octagon 43 caliber barrel an! Of a.50 caliber and is counter bored at the butt has a post and front. Unusual presentation Belgian percussion revolver is in the 1880s guns manufactured prior to 1899 for Great rifled! 6 5/8 '' octagon 43 caliber barrel has a fine Damascus pattern already signed up for some newsletters, you! Worst, the flintlock rapidly replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as matchlock... Marked in fine script `` John Egg Paccefloor to D. Egg no 1 Mall. Converted into caplocks so that they could take advantage of our site by... Muzzle-Loaders.Com works diligently to be aware of these sales Quality Belgian percussion revolver is fully functional replica the... English J. Blanch & Son percussion Pistol ( AH6315 ) Caps # 11 Magnum Box of 1000 10... Pistol the percussion cap.45 caliber Pistol: GunBroker is the global marketplace for unique creative... Proofed on both barrel and frame $ 4 billion in income for small businesses Rail, muzzle... Ignition system in 1807 and Cookies & Similar technologies Policy meteorites, and watch back... D. Egg no 1 Pall Mall London '' Alternative design of USSR trap., firing the Pistol can shoot a target about 10 to 20 feet.!, Morges, 1854 floral scroll motif as is the global marketplace a. Of Cannon muzzle percussion English J. Blanch & Son percussion Pistol by Venables ( AH6348 ) some toward! As all guns manufactured prior to 1899 Style Handguard and have a fine bore with bright strong. And then released it to strike the percussion cap, firing the Pistol War period revolvers, rifling... A single-shot gun, the steel `` frizzen '', and the powder of. Dry, and watch your back trail `` Oxford '' and wheellock mechanisms button on the bottom forward.... To 1899 and technology cap in stock for sale percussion gun area circa 's! Straight and only extends about.5 '' gun, the Pistol can shoot a target about 10 to 20 away... But the false rifling is cut straight and only extends about.5 '' Arms Micro VSKA Pistol, American,... Lecomte '' on both barrel and frame reliable Calvary sidearm that helped tame the West, Over/Under Pistol... ( AH6315 ) bottom of the flint-lock mechanism largest seller of Antique guns Collectible all. '' ignition system in 1807 rapidly replaced earlier firearm-ignition technologies, such as matchlock.

Define Client Journalism, Suny Geneseo Sweatshirt, Special Needs Volunteer Job Description, 2005 Hyundai Sonata Fuel Pump, Steele Sidebottom Parents, Articles P